Sarcoma de Ewing multifocal: presentación de un caso pediátrico / Multifocal Ewing sarcoma: presentation of a pediatric case / Sarcoma de Ewing Multifocal: apresentação de um caso pediátrico

Introducción: el Sarcoma de Ewing es una neoplasia maligna de origen mesenquimático. Al momento del diagnóstico el 75% se presentan en forma localizada. Objetivo: comunicar un caso que por su presentación multifocal, generó dificultades diagnósticas. Caso clínico: niña de 6 años. Consulta por traumatismo de mano derecha tras caída de su altura 24 horas previas, constatándose en mano y puño derecho edema, calor y eritema, movilidad conservada. No fiebre. Radiografía: aumento del diámetro del tercer metacarpiano, imagen esmerilada, no trazos de fracturas. Ingresa con planteo de celulitis. Anemia leve microcítica, hipocrómica. Proteína C reactiva 82 mg/l. Recibe clindamicina intravenosa 72 horas, completa 14 días vía oral. Persistencia de alteraciones en puño y mano derecha, agrega tumoración de raíz nasal con desviación del eje, indolora. Fosfatasa alcalina, lactato deshidrogenasa, fosfatemia, calcemia normales. Resonancia magnética: alteración morfoestructural de radio, olecranon y tercer metacarpiano, fractura de olecranon y radio, reacción perióstica. Pet-Scan: lesión extensa ósea en macizo facial, tibias, cúbitos, humero derecho y clavícula. Biopsia 3er metacarpiano: tumor de células pequeñas, redondas azules, CD99 y vimentina positivo. Comienza poliquimioterapia y radioterapia sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: es frecuente que las manifestaciones clínicas iniciales sean confundidas con entidades más frecuentes, como post-traumáticas y/o inflamatorias, tal como ocurrió en este caso. Posteriormente, la aparición de nuevas lesiones y compromiso del estado general orientó el abordaje diagnóstico de la patología tumoral. La confirmación exige el estudio anatomopatológico con estudio inmunohistoquímico. La presencia de metástasis óseas constituye un factor de mal pronóstico y dificulta el abordaje terapéutico.

Introduction: Ewing's sarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of mesenchymal origin. At the time of diagnosis 75% of the cases are localized. Objective: to report a case that, due to its multifocal presentation, generated diagnostic difficulties. Clinical case: 6-year-old girl. She consulted for right hand trauma after a fall from her height 24 hours earlier, with edema, warmth and erythema in the right hand and fist, with preserved mobility. No fever. X-ray: increase in the diameter of the 3rd metacarpal, frosted image, no traces of fractures. Admitted with cellulitis. Mild microcytic anemia, hypochromic. C-reactive protein 82mg/l. Receives intravenous clindamycin 72 hours, completes 14 days orally. Persistence of alterations in fist and right hand, adds tumor of nasal root with deviation of the axis, painless. Alkaline phosphatase, lactate dehydrogenase, phosphatemia, normal calcemia. MRI: morphostructural alteration of radius, olecranon and 3rd metacarpal, fracture of olecranon and radius, periosteal reaction. Pet-Scan: extensive bone lesion in facial mass, tibiae, ulnae, right humerus and clavicle. Biopsy 3rd metacarpal: small cell tumor, blue round, CD 99 and vimentin positive. Polychemotherapy and radiotherapy were started without complications. Conclusions: it is frequent that the initial clinical manifestations are confused with more frequent entities, such as post-traumatic and/or inflammatory, as occurred in this case. Subsequently, the appearance of new lesions and compromise of the general condition guided the diagnostic approach of the tumor pathology. Confirmation requires anatomopathological study with immunohistochemical study. The presence of bone metastases constitutes a poor prognostic factor and hinders the therapeutic approach.

Introdução: O sarcoma de Ewing é um neoplasma maligno de origem mesenquimatosa. No momento do diagnóstico, 75% dos casos são localizados. Objetivo: Relatar um caso que, devido a sua apresentação multifocal, causou dificuldades diagnósticas. Caso clínico: Menina de 6 anos. Ela consultou por traumatismo à mão direita após cair de sua altura 24 horas antes, com edema, calor e eritema na mão direita e punho, com mobilidade preservada. Sem febre. Raio-X: aumento do diâmetro do 3º metacarpo, imagem fosca, sem vestígios de fraturas. Admitido com a sugestão de celulite. Anemia microcítica leve, hipocrómica. Proteína C reativa 82mg/l. Recebe clindamicina intravenosa por 72 horas, completa 14 dias por via oral. Persistência de alterações no punho e mão direita, tumor indolor da raiz nasal com desvio do eixo. Fosfatase alcalina, desidrogenase láctica, fosfataemia, calcemia normal. IRM: alteração morfo-estrutural do rádio, olecrânio e 3º metacarpo, fratura do olecrânio e do rádio, reação periosteal. Pet-Scan: extensa lesão óssea na massa facial, tíbia, ulnae, úmero direito e clavícula. Biópsia do 3º metacarpo: tumor de pequenas células, redondo azul, CD 99 e vimentina positiva. Ela iniciou a poli-quimioterapia e radioterapia sem complicações. Conclusões: É comum que as manifestações clínicas iniciais sejam confundidas com entidades mais freqüentes, tais como pós-traumáticas e/ou inflamatórias, como ocorreu neste caso. Posteriormente, o aparecimento de novas lesões e o envolvimento do quadro geral levaram a uma abordagem diagnóstica da patologia tumoral. A confirmação requer um estudo anatomopatológico com estudo imuno-histoquímico. A presença de metástases ósseas é um fator de mau prognóstico e dificulta a abordagem terapêutica.

Overall survival prediction in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with radium-223

ABSTRACT Objective Radium-223(223Ra) is indicated for patients (p) with metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRCP). Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of baseline clinical variables associated with overall survival (OS) and toxicity of 223Ra. Its purpose was to identify the factors that can predict a better response to treatment and provide information regarding the most appropriate time for the application of 223Ra. Materials and Methods Prospective study in 40p with mCRPC treated with 223Ra. End points were OS, progression-free survival and time to progression. The follow-up parameters were: doses received, hemoglobin (Hb), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), platelet count (PC), prostate specific antigen (PSA), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Visual Analogue Scale for pain, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) and WHO's Cancer Pain Ladder. The use of other treatments was also evaluated. Results Median OS was 17.1 months(mo) (CI95%6.5-27.7); 26/40p received complete treatment of 223Ra, without reaching a median OS and 14p received incomplete treatment with a median OS 13.6mo(CI95%1.6-25.6). Median follow-up was 11.2mo (range:1.3-45.2). The univariate analysis showed that factors as VAS, ECOG, Hb and ALP values were independently associated with OS. First line treatment with 223Ra was started in 11/40p, while 19p had been heavily pre-treated and 13p received concomitant treatment. Conclusions 223Ra therapy require an adequate selection of patients to obtain the greatest clinical benefit. Low basal Hb, hight basal ALP, bone marrow involvement and an altered ECOG were the main factors that decreased OS in our patients. 223Ra should be considered relatively early in the course of treatment.

Experiencia de tratamiento paliativo en metástasis óseas / Bone metastases and palliative radiotherapy

Abstract Background: About 40-50% of cancer patients have indication of palliative radiotherapy during the course of their disease. Bone metastases are the most common cause of cancer-related pain. Evidence shows that there is no statistically significant difference between long and short treatments modalities in pain relief. The aim of this study is to review the experience in treatment of patients requiring palliative radiotherapy for bone metastases treated in Clinica IRAM during 2012. methods: Descriptive retrospective analysis of medical records of patients treated during 2012 at Clínica IRAM with palliative radiotherapy for painful bone metastases. results: 197 patients were included. The median time between onset of symptoms and initiation of treatment was 4 months (1-42 months). The scheme of 8 Gy in one fraction was the most prescribed.Sixty-two percent of patients had a very good/good response to treatment, and 10% had a poor response. Themedian survival was 10.5 months. One, 12 and 24 months survival was 91.8%, 46.3%, 28.7% respective ly.Ten patients were re-irradiated, 7 of them had received 8 Gy in a single fraction as first treatment dose. conclusion: The palliative treatment of cancer patients is an important indication of radiotherapy. The most common indication for treatment was 8 Gy/1 fraction; however, there was a 40% multi fractionated treatments. Since pain relief is similar between different treatment modalities, to offer a shorter treatment appears to bea more reasonable option.

Resumen Introducción: Aproximadamente 40-50% de los pacientes con cáncer tiene indicación de radioterapia paliativa durante el curso de su enfermedad. Las metástasis óseas son la causa más frecuente de dolor relacionado al cáncer. Existe evidencia que demuestra que no existe diferencia estadísticamente significativa entre esquemas de tratamientos prolongados y cortos en alivio del dolor. Objetivo: Revisión de la experiencia en el tratamiento de pacientes con indicación de radioterapia paliativa por metástasis ósea tratados en Clínica IRAM en el año 2012. Método: Análisis retrospectivo descriptivo de fichas clínicas de pacientes tratados el año 2012 en Clínica IRAM con indicación de radioterapia paliativa por metástasis óseas. Resultados: Se incluyeron 197 pacientes. La mediana de tiempo entre inicio de síntomas e inicio de tratamiento fue de 4meses (1-42 meses). El esquema de 8 Gy en 1 fracción fue el más prescrito; 62% de los pacientes tuvo una respuesta muy buena/buena al tratamiento, y 10% tuvo una respuesta pobre. La mediana de sobrevida fue10,5 meses. La sobrevida al mes, 12 y 24 meses fue 91,8%, 46,3%, 28,7% respectivamente. Diez pacientes fueron reirradiados, 7 de ellos tuvieron primer esquema de mono dosis 8 Gy/1 fracción. Conclusión: El manejo paliativo de pacientes con cáncer representa una importante indicación de radioterapia. La indicación más frecuente de tratamiento fue 8 Gy/1 fracción, sin embargo, hubo un 40% de tratamientos multifraccionados. Dado que el alivio del dolor es similar entre distintas modalidades terapéuticas, realizar un tratamiento más corto parece ser una alternativa más razonable.

Role of extracorporeal irradiation in malignant bone tumors.

Aims and Objectives: Extracorporeal irradiation (ECI) is relatively a rare method used in the management of malignant bone tumors (MBT). It consists of en-bloc removal of the tumor bearing bone segment, removal of the tumor from the bone, irradiation, and re-implantation back in the body. We report our preliminary experience of using ECI for management of MBT. Materials and Methods: From year 2009 to 2010, 14 patients with primary MBT were enrolled into this study. The eligibility criteria included histopathological proof of malignancy, no evidence of distant metastases, and suitability for limb preservation therapy. Surgery was performed about 4 weeks after completion of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The affected bone segment was resected, irradiated extracorporeally with a dose of 50 Gy and reimplanted. Local control, complications and short-term survival were studied. Functional outcome was assessed by Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) scoring system. Results: There were 10 males and four females with median age of 14 years. Histopthologically, nine patients had osteosarcoma (OS) and five had Ewing's sarcoma family of tumors (ESFT). Distribution of primary site was as follows: Femur eight patients, tibia five patients and humerus one patient. At a median follow-up was 22 months, three patients (two OS, one ESFT) had local recurrence. Two patients (14%) developed wound infection in the perioperative period. The 2 year local recurrence free survival was 73% and mean MSTS score was 88. Conclusion: Results of our study suggest that ECI is technically feasible in the management of MBT and provides decent local control and short-term survival rates.

Tratamiento multimodal del condrosarcoma mesenquimal del hueso temporal: reporte de un caso / Multimodal handling of mesenchymal chondrosarcoma in temporal bone: case report

Se presenta una paciente de 15 años de edad con el diagnóstico de condrosarcoma mesenquimal de hueso temporal derecho con infiltración del músculo temporal y de la duramadre de la fosa media, desplazamiento del lóbulo temporal sin infiltración de parénquima cerebral, diagnosticada en enero del 2010, la cual recibió tratamiento quirúrgico con resección total de la lesión mediante craneotomía temporal, radioterapia de intensidad modulada y quimioterapia como tratamiento coadyuvante.

A 15 year-old patient is present with the diagnostic of a mesenchymal chondrosarcoma of the temporal bone with infiltration of the temporal muscle and with to scroll up of the temporal lobe on January 2010. She had got a temporal craniotomy a radical insensitive modulate radiotherapy and chemotherapy as adjuvant treatment.

Estudio biocinético y dosimétrico de un kit de producción local de 177Lu-EDTMP para su uso como agente paliativo del dolor / Biokinetic and dosimetric study of 177Lu-EDTMP in the palliative treatment of skeletal metastasis

Los radiofármacos con afinidad por el tejido óseo como el ácido etilen-diamino-tetrametilen-fosfónico (EDTMP) marcado con radioisótopos emisores beta- han demostrado su eficacia en el tratamiento paliativo de las metástasis óseas. Se realizó un estudio biocinético y dosimétrico del 177Lu-EDTMP en ratones NIH. Los resultados obtenidos fueron extrapolados a humanos. Se estimó la dosis absorbida en órganos para dos modelos: un hombre adulto y una mujer adulta. El 177Lu-EDTMP posee una selectiva captación en hueso, una rápida eliminación en sangre e insignificante captación en tejidos no óseos. La dosis en hueso estimada para el hombre se encuentra entre 14,7-15,3 cGy/mCi y entre 19,6-20,4 cGy/mCi para la mujer. La toxicidad en médula ósea representa el factor limitante de este tipo de terapia, y para evitar superar la dosis máxima que ésta puede tolerar (200 cGy), se encontró que la actividad máxima segura de 177Lu-EDTMP que puede ser inyectada al hombre (73,9Kg), corresponde a un valor de 1,01 mCi/kg y a un valor de 1,25 mCi/Kg para la mujer (56,9Kg).

Bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals like the ethylenediaminetetramethylene phosphonic acid (EDTMP) labeled with beta--emitting radioisotopes have demonstrated their efficacy in the palliative treatment of skeletal metastasis. A biokinetic and dosimetric study of 177Lu-EDTMP in NIH mice was performed. The results obtained were extrapolated to human. We estimate the absorbed doses in organs for two models: an adult male and an adult female. 177Lu-EDTMP has a selective uptake in bone, a rapid elimination from blood and negligible uptake in non-skeletal tissues. The estimated dose in bone is between 14.7-15.3 cGy/mCi for men and between 19.6-20.4 cGy/mCi for women. Bone marrow toxicity represents the limiting factor in this kind of therapy, and to avoid exceed the maximum dose it can tolerate (200 cGy), it was found that the maximum safe activity of 177Lu-EDTMP to be injected to male (73.9 kg), corresponds to a value of 1.01 mCi/kg and a value of 1.25 mCi/kg for female (56.9 kg).

Tumores ósseos benignos e lesões ósseas Pseudotumorais: tratamento atual e novas tendências / Benign bone tumors and tumor-like bone lesions: treatment update and new trends

O tratamento dos tumores ósseos benignos (TOB) e lesões ósseas pseudotumorais (LOP) tem visto surgir novos medicamentos, como os bisfosfonatos de uso intravenoso, que têm mostrado bons resultados no controle das lesões da displasia fibrosa. O cisto ósseo aneurismático tem sido tratado com agentes esclerosantes com sucesso. Tratamentos adjuvantes permitem a realização de cirurgias que preservam a articulação e a função, com baixas taxas de recidiva. Têm sido mais utilizados o cimento ósseo (PMMA), o fenol, a crioterapia com nitrogênio líquido, a água oxigenada, o álcool etílico e a radioterapia. Entre os novos métodos de tratamento surgidos destaca-se a ablação térmica por radiofrequência e por laser, utilizada principalmente para tratamento do osteoma osteoide. A artroscopia permite a ressecção de lesões benignas intra-articulares e assiste na ressecção de tumores subcondrais. Um grande avanço foi a utilização de substitutos sintéticos do osso, que associam substâncias osteoindutivas com material osteocondutivo e têm apresentado resultados comparáveis aos do enxerto ósseo autógeno. Há uma tendência atual para tratamentos fechados, fazendo-se a injeção percutânea de matriz óssea desmineralizada (DBM) associada com sulfato de cálcio. O enxerto ósseo esponjoso autógeno permanece como o padrão ouro. O enxerto de fíbula vascularizado apresenta os melhores resultados para incorporação em lesões maiores e agressivas. Também o suporte cortical alogênico provê resistência estrutural aumentada nessas lesões mais agressivas. O aloenxerto liofilizado tem indicação para preencher defeitos contidos e para reforço do enxerto autógeno. As endopróteses articulares são utilizadas em grandes lesões destrutivas no fêmur distal, no quadril e no ombro.

The treatment of benign bone tumors (BBT) and tumor-like bone lesions (TBL) has observed the introduction of new drugs, such as intravenous bisphosphonates, which have ossified bone lesions caused by fibrous dysplasia. Aneurismal bone cyst has been treated with sclerosing agents by percutaneous injection, yielding good results. Adjuvants allow joint salvage, maintenance of movements and function, with low rates of recurrence. Among them, the most used ones are bone cement (PMMA), phenol, nitrogen-based cryotherapy, hydrogen peroxide, ethanol and radiotherapy. New methods of treatment include thermal ablation with radiofrequency and laser, mainly utilized for treating osteoid osteoma. Arthroscopy allows resection of benign intra-joint lesions and assists the surgery of subchondral tumors. A great advance is the utilization of synthetic bone substitutes, which are a mixture of osteoinductive growth factors and osteoconductive ceramics, and have presented comparable results to autogenous bone grafts. There is a recent trend for closed treatments, with percutaneous injection of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) and calcium sulfate. Autogenous cancellous bone graft remains as the gold standard. Vascularized fibula graft, on the other hand, incorporates faster in the treatment of large destructive lesions. Also, allogenic cortical support allows structural augmentation for aggressive tumors. Freeze-dried allografts are used to fill contained defects and as expanders of autografts. Joint endoprosthesis may be used in large destructive lesions of the distal femur, hip and shoulder.

Espectroscopia de prótons e perfusão por ressonância magnética na avaliação dos tumores do sistema musculoesquelético / Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of musculoskeletal tumors

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a espectroscopia de prótons e o estudo dinâmico do contraste por ressonância magnética na diferenciação dos tumores musculoesqueléticos benignos e malignos. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 55 pacientes com tumores musculoesqueléticos (27 malignos e 28 benignos). Os exames foram realizados em aparelho de ressonância magnética de 1.5 T com protocolo convencional e espectroscopia de prótons com TE de 135 ms. O estudo dinâmico do contraste foi adquirido pela sequência T1 gradiente-eco após a administração intravenosa de gadolínio. Curvas de intensidade de sinal versus tempo e valores de slope foram calculados. A análise estatística foi realizada pelo teste de Levene, seguido pelo teste t de Student, além dos testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e exato de Fischer. RESULTADOS: A sensibilidade, especificidade e acurácia da espectroscopia de prótons foram, respectivamente, de 87,5 por cento, 92,3 por cento e 90,9 por cento (p < 0,0001). Além disso, houve significativa diferença entre o valor quantitativo da curva entre as lesões benignas (média de 27,5 por cento por minuto) e malignas (média de 110,9 por cento por minuto) (p < 0,0001). CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos quantitativo e qualitativo da análise dinâmica do contraste por ressonância magnética associados à presença do pico de colina são úteis na diferenciação dos tumores musculoesqueléticos em benignos e malignos.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the role of proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy and dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging in the differentiation between malignant and benign musculoskeletal tumors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-five patients with musculoskeletal tumors (27 malignant and 28 benign) were studied. The examinations were performed in a 1.5 T magnetic resonance scanner with standard protocol, and single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy with 135 msec echo time. The dynamic contrast study was performed using T1-weighted gradient-echo sequence after intravenous gadolinium injection. Timesignal intensity curves and slope values were calculated. The statistical analysis was performed with the Levene's test, followed by a Student's t-test, besides the Pearson's chi-squared and Fischer's exact tests. RESULTS: Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy sensitivity, specificity and accuracy were, respectively, 87.5 percent, 92.3 percent and 90.9 percent (p < 0.0001). Statistically significant difference was observed in the slope ( percent/min) between benign (mean, 27.5 percent/min) and malignant (mean, 110.9 percent/min) lesions (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: The time-intensity curve and slope values using dynamic-enhanced perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in association with the presence of choline peak demonstrated by single voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy study are useful in the differentiation between malignant and benign musculoskeletal tumors.

Lymphoma of frontotemporal region with massive bone destruction and intracranial and intraorbital extension.

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with unilateral proptosis and diffuse involvement of the cra-nial vault and brain parenchyma is extremely rare. A 50-year-old woman developed a progressively increasing proptosis of her right eye, associated with a subcutaneous mass over the right frontotemporal region over the last 5 months. CT scan showed a high-density contrast-enhancing lesion with wide involvement of the cranium and intracranial and intraorbital extension. We performed a wedge biopsy for further analysis. Histological examination revealed that the tumor was non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. There was no evidence of systemic involvement. The patient received radiotherapy and was doing well at 18 months' follow-up. Primary malignant lymphoma involving the orbit and cranial vault is a rare malignancy, and treatment remains to be defined.

Radioterapia en el cáncer de mama diseminado / Radiotherapy in disseminated breast cancer

La radioterapia tiene un importante rol paliativo en los pacientes con cáncer diseminado, mejorando su calidad de vida. Las indicaciones más frecuentes de irradiación paliativa del cáncer de mama son las metástasis óseas dolorosas. Otras condiciones son las metástasis cerebrales y el síndrome de compresión medular. Existen diversos esquemas de irradiación, que tienen resultados similares. La radioterapia frecuentemente debe sercomplementada con procedimientos invasivos como fijación ósea, descompresión medular o resección de metástasis cerebrales, logrando resultados significativamente mejores, no sólo en calidad sino en tiempo de sobrevida. La radiocirugía de las oligometástasis cerebrales obtiene resultados similares a la resección, constituyendo una opción complementaria a la irradiación cerebral. El objetivo principal de la radioterapia en el manejo del cáncer metastásico es el control de los síntomas y complicaciones producidos por la enfermedad a nivel local y a distancia, contribuyendo a mejorar la calidad de vida del paciente. Por lo tanto sus indicaciones dependen de cada caso individual. Las condiciones en el cáncer de mama diseminado que con frecuencia requieren de manejo con radioterapia son tres: las metástasis óseas, el síndrome de compresión medular y las metástasis cerebrales.

Samarium-153 ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate therapy for bone pain palliation in skeletal metastases.

BACKGROUND: Systemic therapy with radionuclides may be used for the treatment of patients with painful skeletal metastases owing to its efficacy, low cost and low toxicity. Imported radionuclides for pain palliation, like Strontium-89 are expensive; particularly for developing countries. In the Indian scenario, Samarium-153 (Sm-153) is produced in our own reactors and as a result, it is readily available and economical. AIM: We undertook this study to determine the efficacy and toxicity of single-dose Sm-153 ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonate as a palliative treatment for painful skeletal metastases. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eightysix patients with painful skeletal metastases from various primaries, were treated with Sm-153 EDTMP at a dose of 37 MBq/kg. The effects were evaluated according to change in visual analogue pain score, analgesic consumption, Karnofsky performance score, mobility score and blood count tests, conducted regularly for 16 weeks. STATISTICS: Repeated measures analysis. RESULTS: The overall response rates were 73%, while complete response was seen in 12.4%. Reduction in analgesic consumption with improvement in Karnofsky performance score and mobility score, was seen in all responders. Response rates were 80.3 and 80.5% in breast and prostate cancer, respectively. One case, each of Wilms tumor, ovarian cancer, germ cell tumor testis, multiple myeloma, primitive neuroectodermal tumor and oesophageal cancer, did not respond to therapy. No serious side-effects were noted, except for fall in white blood cell, platelet and haemoglobin counts, which gradually returned to normal levels by six-eight weeks. CONCLUSION: Sm-153 EDTMP provided effective palliation in 73% patients with painful bone metastases: the major toxicity was temporary myelosuppression.

Sarcoma de Ewing: aspectos clínicos e radiográficos de 226 casos / Ewing's sarcoma: clinical and radiographic aspects of 226 cases

OBJETIVO: Avaliar os aspectos radiográficos e clínicos presentes em pacientes com o diagnóstico de sarcoma de Ewing confirmado por histopatologia. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Foram analisados, neste trabalho, os dados clínicos e radiográficos (quando disponíveis) de 226 pacientes com o diagnóstico de sarcoma de Ewing ósseo. RESULTADOS: Dos casos avaliados, 61,5 por cento (139) eram do sexo masculino e 83,7 por cento (189) eram brancos. A mediana de idade dos pacientes foi de 14 anos e a topografia mais freqüente das lesões foi o osso ilíaco, em 13,7 por cento (31) dos casos. O aspecto radiográfico mais comum foi o de lesão lítica com reação periosteal (padrões variados), em 32,7 por cento (74) dos casos. CONCLUSÃO: O sarcoma de Ewing ósseo é uma neoplasia bastante agressiva, ocorrendo mais comumente em indivíduos na segunda década de vida e cujo aspecto radiográfico mais comum é o de lesão lítica com reação periosteal típica de lesão agressiva.

OBJECTIVE: To review the clinical and radiographic findings in patients with histologically confirmed Ewing's sarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Clinical and radiological (whenever available) data of 226 patients with Ewing's sarcoma of the bone were analyzed. RESULTS: Of the evaluated cases, 61.5% (139) were male and 83.7% (189) were white. The average age was 14 years old and the most common site of the lesions was the iliac bone, seen in 13.7% (31) of the cases. The most common radiological findings were lytic lesion with periosteal reaction, seen in 32.7% (74) of the patients. CONCLUSION: Ewing's sarcoma of bone is an aggressive neoplasm, occurring mainly in the second decade of life, which main radiological findings are lytic lesions with periosteal reaction, typical characteristic of aggressive lesions.

Retrospective evaluation of bone pain palliation after samarium-153-EDTMP therapy

OBJETIVO: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito paliativo da dor e a toxicidade medular associados ao tratamento com Samário-153-EDTMP em pacientes com metástases ósseas. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado de forma retrospectiva, a partir do levantamento de prontuário de 178 pacientes submetidos a tratamento com 1mCi/kg de 153Sm-EDTMP devido à dor por metástases ósseas. Os prontuários de 73 pacientes foram considerados adequados para análise dos parâmetros clínicos (intensidade da dor) e laboratoriais (hemograma). A intensidade da dor foi avaliada em escala de 0 a 10 pelo próprio paciente, antes e durante 8 semanas após o tratamento. Hemograma completo foi realizado antes do tratamento e a cada semana nas 8 semanas seguintes. Estudos de dosimetria foram realizados em 41 dos 73 pacientes, baseados na excreção urinária e retenção do radioisótopo, sendo a dose de radiação absorvida correlacionada à toxicidade medular. RESULTADOS: Redução importante na intensidade da dor (diminuição de 75 a 100% do basal) foi constatada em 36 pacientes (49%), com redução de 50-75%, 25-50% e 0-25% em, respectivamente, 20 (27%), 10 (14%) e 7 (10%) casos. Não se observou variação significativa da resposta entre os pacientes com tumor primário de mama (n=29) ou de próstata (n=36). Toxicidade medular foi observada em 75,3% dos pacientes (71,2% com leucopenia e 53,4% com plaquetopenia), em geral de grau leve a moderado e com recuperação ao término da 8º semana. A dose média de medula foi de 347±65 cGy, havendo baixa correlação entre a dosimetria medular e a queda da contagem de leucócitos (coeficiente de correlação linear de 0,40) ou de plaquetas (coeficiente de correlação linear = 0,48). CONCLUSÕES: O tratamento com Samário-153-EDTMP permitiu um adequado controle da dor por metástases ósseas, com significativa redução na intensidade da dor. A toxicidade medular transitória foi a principal reação adversa observada, em geral de grau leve a moderado, apresentando baixa correlação com as medidas dosimétricas.

Treatment of bone pain secondary to metastases using samarium-153-EDTMP

CONTEXTO: Mais de 50% dos pacientes com câncer de próstata, mama ou pulmão desenvolverão dor óssea secundária a metástases. O tratamento da dor óssea metastática visa minimizar a dor, reduzir o uso de opióides e manter os movimentos. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o uso de EDTMP-153Sm para tratamento da dor óssea secundária a metástases refratária a tratamento com opióides. TIPO DE ESTUDO: Retrospectivo. LOCAL: Divisão de Medicina Nuclear, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp). MÉTODOS: 58 pacientes foram estudados (34 homens), com média de idade de 62 anos. 31 pacientes com neoplasia de próstata, 20 com neoplasia de mama, três pacientes com câncer de pulmão, um com hemangioendotelioma de pulmão, um com adenocarcinoma de paratireóide, um com osteosarcoma e um paciente que apresentava um tumor primário desconhecido. Todos apresentavam múltiplas metástases ósseas à cintilografia óssea com MDP-99mTc e foram tratados com EDTMP-153Sm. A resposta ao tratamento foi graduada em boa (redução da dor em 50 - 100%), intermediária (25-49%) e má (0-24%). RESULTADOS: Todos os pacientes apresentavam boa captação de EDTMP-153Sm nas metástases ósseas. Dentre os doentes com câncer de próstata, resposta intermediária ou boa ocorreu em 80.6% (25 pacientes) e má resposta em 19.4% (6). Dentre os pacientes com câncer de mama, 85% (17) apresentaram resposta intermediária ou boa à terapia enquanto 15% (3) apresentaram má resposta. Todos os três pacientes com câncer de pulmão apresentaram resposta pobre ao tratamento. Os doentes com hemangioendotelioma de pulmão e com o tumor primário desconhecido apresentaram resposta intermediária ao tratamento; os pacientes com osteossarcoma e com o adenocarcinoma de paratireóide apresentaram boa resposta. Mielotoxicidade significativa não ocorreu. DISCUSSAO: O controle da dor é importante para melhorar a qualidade de vida do doente com câncer avançado. O mecanismo de alívio da dor com radionuclídeos ainda não foi elucidado, mas o tratamento é de simples administração e baixo risco de mielotoxidade. CONCLUSAO: Tratamento com EDTMP-153Sm pode controlar a dor secundária a metástases ósseas de forma efetiva na maioria dos pacientes com câncer de próstata e câncer de mama sem efeitos colaterais significativos.

Radiation Therapy for Bone Metastasis from Hepatocellular Carcinoma / 대한간학회지

BACKGROUND/AIM: Recent advances in both diagnosis and treatment have markedly improved the prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Bone metastasis has become a clinical problem in the treatment of HCC patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the palliative effect of radiotherapy for painful bone metastasis from HCC. METHODS: From January 1991 to June 2000, 51 patients (77 sites) with painful bone metastasis from HCC were retrospectively analyzed. Ages ranged from 21 to 80 years (median 55 years). The male:female ratio was 7.5:1. Synchronous or metachronous bone metastasis was seen in 20 (39%) and 31 patients (61%), respectively. The most common symptom of bone metastasis was pain (45 patients, 88%). Twenty-one patients (41%) had a solitary bone metastasis while 30 (59%) had multiple ones. The sites of bone metastasis, in order of frequency, were the vertebra (38), rib (20), and pelvis (19). The total radiation dose ranged from 12.5 to 50 Gy (median 30 Gy). The Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire was used to evaluate pain response. RESULTS: The overall 1 and 2 year survival rates from the time of bone metastasis were 15% and 4%, respectively. The median survival time was 5 months. Intrahepatic stage(p=0.014), and metastasis to other organs(p=0.019) were significant prognostic factor for survival by univariate analysis. There was, however, no independent prognostic factor on multivariate analysis. Pain relief after radiotherapy was achieved for 56 sites (73%). CONCLUSION: The expected life span (median 5 months) in this group of patients suggests a strong necessity for effective treatment for symptomatic palliation. Radiation therapy was effective in pain palliation for bone metastasis from HCC, and this could improve patients' quality of life.